In order to organize and manage your citations, consider using a Citation Manager like Zotero. More information on Zotero and other citation managers can be found on the Citation Managers Guide.
MLA and Chicago are both popular citation styles for English language and literature. Below are resources that can help you when you're formatting your bibliography and papers using either MLA or Chicago notes & bibliography style. Some professors (or publishers, if you are writing an article to be published) may prefer a different style, such as Chicago author/date style, so always check before you format and submit your work. Ask a librarian if you have questions about citation styles.
The ninth edition builds on the MLA’s unique approach to documenting sources using a template of core elements that allows writers to cite any type of work, from books, e-books, and journal articles in databases to song lyrics, online images, YouTube videos, dissertations, and more.
Scholarly Article Citation
General Format:
Author (last name, first name). "Title of Article." Journal Title, volume number (vol. #), issue number (no. #), year, pages (pp. #-#).
Example:
Shin, John. “Negative Dialectics in Mrs. Dalloway.” English Studies, vol. 102, no. 5, 2021, pp. 552-62.
Essay in an Edited Book
General Format:
Essay Author (last name, first name). "Title of Essay." Title of Book Collection, edited by Name of Editor(s), Publisher, year, pages (pp. #-#).
Example:
Saint-Amour, Paul K. "Mrs. Dalloway: Of Clocks and Clouds." A Companion to Virginia Woolf, edited by Jessica Berman,
Wiley-Blackwell, 2016, pp. 74-94.
General in-text citation: (Author page number(s))
Example: (Shin 563).
If I have more than one article by Shin in my Works cited, I would add part of the title (to identify which work you are referring to):
Example: (Shin, "Negative Dialectics," 563).
When citing an essay from a book collection, use the essay author in the citation (not the editor(s) name(s)).
Citation after quotation: "Here is my quotation" (cite).
Example: According to Shin, "Woolf leaves the reader without a resolution to this competitive dialectic between private and public" (554).
Or paraphrase of information (cite).
Example: Clarissa's consciousness is filled with a mixture of concerns both public and private (Shin 556).
Scholarly Article Citation
General note format:
1. Author name, "Title of Article," Journal Title volume number, issue number (year): page(s) referred to.
Example:
1. David S. King, “Mutilation and Dismemberment in the Chanson de Roland, a Question of Faith,” Romance Notes 45,
no. 3 (2005): 253.
General bibliography format:
Author last name, First name. "Article Title." Journal title volume number, issue number (year): full pages of article.
Example:
King, David S. “Mutilation and Dismemberment in the Chanson de Roland, a Question of Faith.” Romance Notes 45,
no. 3 (2005): 247-263.
Chapter from a Single-Authored Book
General note format:
2. Author, "Title of Chapter," in Title of Book (City of Publication: Publisher, year), page(s) referred to.
Example:
2. Simon Gaunt, “Monologic Masculinity: The Chanson de Geste,” in Gender and Genre in Medieval French Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1995), 25.
General bibliography format:
Author last name, First name. "ChapterTitle." In Book Title, full chapter pages. City of Publication: Publisher, year.
Example:
Gaunt, Simon. “Monologic Masculinity: The Chanson de Geste.” In Gender and Genre in Medieval French Literature, 22-70. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1995.